三七种植地土壤养分动态变化研究

Nutrients Dynamic Changes in Cultivation Soil of Panax notogiseng

采用田间小区的试验方法,研究了三七种植期间土壤养分动态变化规律,以期为三七合理高效施肥提供指导。结果表明,同不种三七的对照相比,种植三七的土壤p H、有机质、全N、碱解N、全K、速效K、有效P、阳离子交换量、有效Mn大幅降低,其中降幅最大的是全K和速效K,降幅在20%以上,其次是碱解N和速效P,降幅在15%左右,再次是阳离子交换量降幅在10%左右;而土壤中的交换性Ca、Mg及有效Zn有所增加,有效Fe和Cu变化不大。同种植初期相比,种植三七后土壤p H、全N、速效N,速效P,速效K,及交换性Mg均不同程度降低,其中降低幅度较大的是速效K,降幅在20%左右,其次是碱解氮,降幅在15%左右;有效Fe、Cu、Zn及交换性Ca增加;有机质、全P、阳离子交换量变化不明显。不同种植年限间相比,种植三七土壤p H、有机质、碱解N、速效K随着种植年限的增加与对照差异增大。三七种植地土壤养分含量随季节变化和周期性施肥呈现每年3月升高,6月降低,9月升高,12月降低的趋势,其中大量元素变化规律较明显。综上所述,种植三七会导致土壤酸化,降低氮磷钾含量和阳离子交换量,增加钙、镁、铁、铜、锌,对有机质和锰含量影响不大;生产上可通过施用石灰或草木灰缓解酸化,同时在6月和12月前后增施钾肥,合理施用有机肥和氮磷肥。

Nutrients dynamic changes in cultivation soil of P. notoginseng during its growing time were studied by field experiments,looking forward to providing guidance for reasonable fertilization of P. notoginseng cultivation. The result showed that compared with the control that was never cultivated P. notoginseng,the soil p H,Organic matter,total N,available N,total K,available K,available P,CEC and available Mn of cultivated P. notoginseng were greatly reduced,and two of the biggest drop were total K and available K,by more than 20 %,followed by available N and available P,about 15 %,and then the CEC declined about 10 %. Exchange Ca,Mg and available Zn were increased,while available Fe and Cu changed little. Compared with early planting,the soil p H,total N,available N,available P,available K and exchangeable Mg of the ended planting were inordinately decreased,and One of the biggest drop was available K,by 20 %,then was available N,by 15 %,while available Fe,Cu,Zn,exchangeable Ca were increased,and the changes of organic matter,total P and CEC were not obvious. Compared among different planting years,the differences of p H,organic matter,available N and available K between cultivated soil and the control was increased with increasing years of planting. The changes of soil nutrient content with the seasons and periodic fertilization appeared the trend that was March up,June down,September up,December down for every year,and for the major elements were more obvious. In one word,P. notoginseng cultivation leaded to soil acidification and reduced CEC and N,P,K,but increased Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn,and made organic matter,available Mn change little. Therefore,it was suggested that a small lime and plant ash could be applied to reduce acidity in P. notoginseng production and add potassium,meantime reasonably apply organic fertilizer,nitrogen and phosphate after or before June and December.