核电厂环境风险评价框架及方法

Framework and approach for environmental risk assessment of nuclear power plants

目前核电厂风险评价技术分为核事故风险评价及非人类物种电离辐射防护评价。为发展一个包括非人类物种防护在内的核电厂辐射防护体系,本文借鉴环境风险评价的关键流程要素,提出包括公众健康和非人类物种的核电厂环境风险评价框架。在这一框架的危害排序环节,对所选择的各评价终点指标采用层次分析法,计算评价终点对核电厂环境风险的权重并进行排序,旨在发现对环境风险贡献较大的评价终点并在风险管理中对其优先管理控制。

This paper studies the concepts and key elements of environmental risk assessment, focusing on development of accident risk assessment of nuclear power plants and radiation protection for non-human species, and proposing a framework for environmental risk assessment of nuclear power plants. In this framework, we try to adopt the analytic hierarchy process to calculate the endpoints＇ weights to the environmental risk of nuclear power plants and discuss its risk characterization with supposed source term, which would be a useful tool to support the environmental risk administration of nuclear power plant.