佛山市勒流镇工人职业病危害接触及防护行为影响因素

Occupational hazards exposure and influence factors of protection behavior on workers in Shunde Leliu town of Foshan

目的了解佛山市顺德勒流镇企业工人职业病防护行为及影响因素,为职业病防治工作提供建议。方法以勒流镇2 909例职业体检人群为对象,调查其职业危害接触情况、职业病防护知识、单位防护措施和个人防护行为,以及职工对防护必要性与单位防护满意度等内容。结果职业接触最多的前6类人群分别是噪声、粉尘、震动、有毒有害气体、有毒有害溶剂和高温作业工人;与防护措施差的单位相比,防护措施中与好的单位其工人个体防护行为率较高,具体为单位防护措施为中的个体（噪声OR=3.29,95%CI为2.00～5.40;震动OR=2.55,95%CI为1.31～4.96;高温OR=3.58,95%CI为1.15～11.14）、单位防护措施好的个体（噪声OR=6.95,95%CI为3.90～12.40;粉尘OR=3.28,95%CI为1.37～7.87;震动OR=3.55,95%CI为1.80～7.02;高温OR=6.18,95%CI为1.73～22.15）;对单位措施满意会增加个人防护行为发生率（粉尘OR=3.12,95%CI为1.37～7.87,有毒有害气体OR=2.85,95%CI为1.62～5.03;有毒有害溶剂OR=2.20,95%CI为1.21～3.98）,也可能作用相反（震动OR=0.61,95%CI为0.40～0.93）。结论佛山市顺德勒流镇职业病防护的重点和难点是接触粉尘、有毒有害气体和溶剂人群的防护,改善单位防护措施对提高个人防护行为意义重大。

Objective To investigate the occupational disease prevention behaviors and influence factors on workers in Shunde Leliu of Foshan and provide a suggestion for occupational disease prevention. Methods2 909 local workers participated in this survey,which was mainly about occupational hazard exposure,occupational protection knowledge,preventive measure by the factory,individual protection behavior,necessity for staff and satisfaction to the factory. Results These workers,who exposed to noise,dust,vibration,poisonous or harmful gas,poisonous or harmful solvents and high temperature,were the top six populations in all occupational exposure categories. Compared to the poor protection factory,the protection behaviors in individuals were high in the mediate protection factory（ noise OR = 3.29,95% CI 2.00- 5. 40;vibration OR = 2.55,95% CI 1.31- 4.96; high temperature OR = 3.58,95%CI 1.15- 11.14） and in the well protection factory（ noise OR = 6.95,95% CI 3.90- 12.40; dust OR = 3.28,95% CI 1.37- 7.87; vibration OR = 3.55,95% CI 1.80- 7.02; high temperature OR = 6.18,95% CI 1.73- 22.15）. The individuals who satisfied with the factory protection measure were more aware of self protection（ dust OR = 3. 12,95% CI1. 37- 7.87; toxic harmful gases OR = 2.85,95% CI 1.62- 5.03; the poisonous or harmful solvents OR =2. 20,95% CI 1.21- 3.98）,but also existed opposite aspects（ vibration OR = 0.61,95% CI 0.40- 0.93）.Conclusion The key point and difficulties on occupational disease prevention in Shunde Leliu are these workers who expose to dust,harmful gas and solvents. The improvement of protection measures provided by the factory will enhance the protective behavior of individuals.