对城市内涝灾害应急管理的反思及建议

Reflections on City Waterlogging Disaster Emergency Management and Its Countermeasures

自2012年北京"7·21"暴雨事件发生以来,全国多次发生由强降雨而引发的城市内涝灾害。不仅造成了严重的生命和财产损失,也给城市应急管理工作敲响了警钟。本文从城市内涝灾害的成因入手,反思了城市内涝灾害应急管理工作存在的问题,并寻求应急管理能力的提升路径。即通过建立极端天气监测诊断预测系统和人群分布预警系统,坚持用正确的原则和标准指导城市建设,提高全民防灾意识,加大对违法排污行为的惩罚力度,编制并定期演练城市内涝应急预案,加强各种专业救援团队队伍建设,提升对密集人群的疏散和管理能力,建立并完善城市内涝灾害保险制度等,不断提高城市内涝灾害的应急管理能力。

Our country has been haunted with a series of waterlogging disasters triggered by heavy rainfalls since the torrential rain event which happened in Beijing on July 21,2012,which not only caused a serious loss of life and property,but also rang the alarm of the city emergency management work.The paper proceeds from the causes of the city waterlogging disasters,reflects on the problems of emergency management for city waterlogging, and seeks the paths of improving emergency management capabilities,i.e., through the estabhshment of the system of extreme weather monitoring,diagnosis and prediction,and the early warning system of the distribution of crowds ,to persist in using the right principles and standards of city construction,to raise the public awareness of disaster prevention,to increase penalties for illegal sewage behaviors,to make plans and do regular exercises on city waterlogging emergency,to strengthen team building of various professional rescue,to improve the ability of the evacuation and intensive management of the crowds,to estabhsh and improve the insurance system of city waterlogging disaster,and constantly improve the capabilities of city waterlogging disaster emergency management.