菊芋试管苗的初代培养及愈伤组织不定芽诱导

Primary culture of Helianthus tuberosus plantlet and its adventitious bud induction from callus

菊芋（Helianthus tuberosus Linn.）为菊科（Asteraceae）向日葵属（Helianthus Linn.）多年生草本植物,耐寒、耐旱、耐贫瘠、耐盐碱[1];其地下块茎富含菊糖,还可通过发酵生产乙醇,在功能性食用多糖及生物能源方面的开发潜力巨大。菊芋主要通过块茎进行无性繁殖,其种子成活率和发芽率均很低[2],严重阻碍了菊芋的杂交育种。近年来以植物组织培养为基础的一系列现代育种技术为菊芋的种质改良提供了新途径,但由于菊芋的愈伤组织难以诱导不定芽或体胚发生,导致以农杆菌转化为主的转基因育种技术的应用受到限制。

Effect of NAA and 6-BA with different mass concentrations on primary culture of Helianthus tuberosus‘Nanyu 9＇plantlet was researched,and induction result of different explants was compared. The results show that the primary culture result of shoot tip and stem with axillary bud of H. tuberosus on MS medium without adding NAA and 6-BA is the best,and its germination percentage and normal seedling percentage are the highest（ 95. 81% and 30. 18%,respectively）,and vitrified seedling percentage is the lowest（ only 68. 32%）. Taking tuber,leaf of plantlet,stem without axillary bud and shoot tip and cotyledon of H. tuberosus as explants,callus can be induced on induction medium（ improved MS medium added with 0. 05 mg·L- 1NAA and 0. 06 mg·L- 16-BA,p H 5. 6- p H 5. 8）,while only callus from cotyledon can form adventitious bud and induction rate of adventitious bud is only 14. 3%.