短时高温对加州新小绥螨发育的影响

Effects of brief exposure to high temperature on Neoseiulus californicus

为了探究高温逆境条件下加州新小绥螨的生存特性对其种群发育的影响,利用短时高温刺激试验,研究加州新小绥螨卵、幼螨、雌成螨在35、38、42、45℃等4个温度下、处理1-8 h后的孵化率、存活率、后期发育历期及繁殖的影响.结果表明：处理温度越高,时间越长,卵和幼螨的存活率越低,其后续发育历期随处理温度升高和时间增加先缩短后延长.当温度为38℃,处理8 h后,卵的后续发育历期最短,为4.1 d.卵在45℃下处理2 h以上将不能正常孵化,而幼螨在45℃下处理8 h后不能存活;雌成螨产卵期和产卵量基本随温度升高先增加后降低,35℃处理8 h后,单雌产卵量最高,为38.9粒;38℃处理8 h后,单雌产卵量为36.7粒;45℃处理8 h后,单雌产卵量仅为14.5粒.短时高温主要影响加州新小绥螨的孵化率、存活率和后续发育历期,对雌成螨的产卵前期和存活率影响较小.

To determine the influence of high temperature shock on the survival characteristics and population development of N. californicus,the hatching rate,survival rate and developmental duration were investigated after the eggs,larvae and adults of N. californicus were exposed to high temperatures（ 35,38,42,45 ℃） for 1- 8 h. The results showed that with higher temperature and longer time,the survival rate of eggs and larvae would be lower,and their developmental duration declined firstly and then increased. The hatching rate of eggs treated at 42 ℃ for 8 h was significantly lower than that at 35 ℃ for 8 h. The developmental duration of egg（ 4. 1 d） was shortest when treated at 38 ℃ for 8 h. The egg couldn＇t hatch when treated at 45 ℃ for 2 h. The survival rate of larvae which was treated at 45 ℃ for 4 h was significantly lower than that at 35 ℃ for 4 h,and the larvae wouldn＇t survive when treated at 45 ℃ for 8 h. The spawning period and total eggs of female adults increased firstly and then decreased. The egg-laying amount of a female N. californicus was 38.9,36.7 and 14.5 at 35,38 and 45 ℃,respectively. High temperature exposure had significant effects on the egg hatching rate,survival rate and development duration of N. californicus,but had little effect on the pre-oviposition and survival rate of the adults.