基于均匀设计法的精密车削参数优化

Precision Cutting Parameters Optimization Based on Uniform Design Method

为了探索难加工材料-奥氏体不锈钢精密车削的参数优化问题,引入伪变量A表达车削冷却降温条件,用均匀设计法设计含定性因素混合水平的精密车削试验方案。在干式、环保型湿式和低温冷风微油雾三种不同车削冷却降温条件下,实现低成本高效率的精密车削试验。在这三种条件下,以切削速度、进给量、背吃刀量和刀尖半径为优化变量,以表面粗糙度、表面残余应力、切削力、切削温度、刀具寿命和切削效率为优化目标函数,建立了奥氏体不锈钢精密车削参数优化模型,还对车削参数进行了优化和验证,效果明显。以刀具磨钝前能车削出的总金属表面积作为刀具寿命,在工件连续表面不出现接刀现象的前提下进行精密车削参数优化。研究成果对指导大型工件精密车削的参数选择具有实际意义。

In order to explore precision turning parameter optimization of austenitic stainless steel which is a difficult cutting material, pseudo-variable A is introduced as a factor of cooling cutting conditions, and a precision turning experiment program is projected by uniform design method, which contains qualitative factors hybrid level. A low cost and high efficiency turning test is carried out in three different conditions of dry cutting, wet cutting and cutting with low temperature air containing micro-oil mist. Under the three cooling cutting conditions, the precision turning parameter optimization model of austenitic stainless steel is established, in which, cutting speed, feed amount, cutting depth and tool nose radius are taken as optimization variables, and surface roughness, surface residual stress, cutting force, cutting temperature, tool life and cutting efficiency are taken as objective functions. Meanwhile, the parameters are optimized and verified, and the test results show that the optimization effect is good. Total metal surface area that can be lathed before cutter blunt is taken as the cutter life, and precision turning parameters are optimized in the condition of workpiece continuous surface without machined trace. The results are useful for precision turning parameters selection in heavy workpiece cutting.