西洋参内生菌群落结构与多样性

The community structure and diversity of the endophytes in American ginseng

【目的】分析了不同产地西洋参内生菌的组成、结构及其定殖部位差异,明确了吉林省西洋参内生菌的资源状况。【方法】利用组织块法进行内生菌的分离,通过16S rDNA和ITS序列分析,结合培养形态对内生菌鉴定,并对分离得到的内生菌进行生态指数分析。【结果】从西洋参根部分离到内生菌13属26种,茎部分离到10属18种,叶部分离到9属16种。芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas)为西洋参内生菌中的优势属,分别占内生菌总种数的17.6%和14.7%。多样性指数显示,珲春>靖宇>抚松>集安>长白;均匀度指数显示,珲春>集安>靖宇>抚松>长白;优势度指数显示,靖宇>珲春>抚松>集安>长白。【结论】西洋参内生菌具有较丰富的遗传多样性,不同海拔高度产地西洋参内生菌种群数量、均匀度、奇异度存在差异,高海拔地区西洋参内生菌优势菌群集中,优势属突出,奇异度较高,而低海拔地区西洋参内生菌奇异度较低,但种群种类较丰富,且分布均匀。

[Objective] To clarify the composition of endophytes community in American ginseng,to know the differences of the endophytes community structure of different producing area and colonization part,and to grasp the resource situation of endophytes in American ginseng of Jilin Province.[Methods] Endophytes were separated with tissue explant and identified with 16 S rD NA and ITS sequence analysis,by combining the cultivation forms.Moreover,ecological index analysis was conducted for the endophytes separated.[Results] Endophytes in American ginseng root obtained included13 genera and 26 species,endophytes of the stem obtained included 10 genera and 18 species,whereas endophytes of the leaves obtained included 9 genera and 16 species.Bacillus and Pseudomonas were advantageous genera in the endophytes in American ginseng,and the species contained occupied 17.6% and 14.7% of the total endophytes respectively.According to the diversity index（ H＇）,Hunchun Jingyu Fusong Ji＇an Changbai; according to the evenness index（ J）,Hunchun Ji ＇an Jingyu Fusong Changbai; according to the dominance index（ D）,Jingyu Hunchun Fusong Ji ＇an Changbai.[Conclusions] Endophytes in American ginseng were characterized by abundant genetic diversity.The structure of the endophytes community in American ginseng was complicated,there were differences of the endophytes community structure of different producing area and colonization part,the community diversity of producing area with high altitude was decreased.