四种不同方法提取沙枣花挥发物的成分分析

Comparison of Four Different Approaches for the Extraction of Elaeagnus angustifolia Flower Volatiles

为了探究不同提取方法对沙枣花挥发物化学成分分析的影响,本文采用水蒸气蒸馏法、固相微萃取法、顶空采集法和气囊采集法提取沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)花的挥发性物质,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分别对4种方法提取的挥发物质进行化学成分分析鉴定。从4种方法提取的沙枣花挥发物质中共检测出51种化合物,其中酯类14种、烷类13种、酚类9种、酮类3种、醇类4种、其它物质8种。顶空收集法、水蒸气提取法、气囊采集法和固相微萃取法提取的挥发物质中分别检出化合物13种、19种、22种和18种,并且用2种(或2种以上)方法提取的沙枣花挥发物质中相同化合物有15种(即:酯类6种、烷类5种、酚类2种、醇类1种、其它物质1种),分别为:反式-肉桂酸乙酯、顺式-肉桂酸乙酯、反式-肉桂酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、正癸烷、正十二烷、正十四烷、正十六烷、正二十烷、愈创木酚、4,4'-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2-苯基-1-丙烯、乙酸叶醇酯、肉桂酸异丙酯和苯乙醇。4种方法提取的沙枣花挥发物中均含反式-肉桂酸乙酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯2种化合物,且反式-肉桂酸乙酯的含量较高,分别为83.75%(水蒸气蒸馏法)、14.45%(固相微萃取法)、78.27%(顶空收集法)和56.65%(气囊采集法)。4种方法中气囊采集法提取的沙枣花挥发物质中所含化合物种类最多(22种),而且操作最简单,因此气囊采集法是提取沙枣花挥发物的较好方法。

Elaeagnus angustifolia has a great scent,attracts many insects and is the main host of Asias halodendri. To explore the chemical compounds in E. angustifolia,four different approaches for the extraction of E. angustifolia flower volatiles were performed and compared to determine the optimum method. The chemical compounds in raw extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. A total of 51 compounds were attained among the four approaches,including 14 esters,13 ethers,9 phenols,3 ketones,4alcohols,and 8 others. Comparison of the four approaches showed that 13 compounds were found by headspace collection（HC）,19 compounds were found by steam distillation（SD）,18 compounds were found by solid phase micro extraction（SPME） and 22 compounds werefound by air bag collection（ABC）. Fifteen compounds were found by two or more approaches,including ethyl cinnamate,ethyl 3-phenyl propenoatea,methyl（E）-cinnamate,dimethyl1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, n-decane,n-dodecane,n-tetradecane,n-hexadecane, n-eicosane, 2-methoxyphenol, 4,4＇-methylenebis（2,6-di-tert-butylphenol）,2-phenyl-1-propene,leaf acetate,isopropyl cinnamate and phenethyl alcohol. Ethyl cinnamate and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate were detected by all four measures. The ethyl cinnamate content for each material was the highest,measuring 83. 75%（SD）,14. 45%（SPME）,78. 27%（HC）,and 56. 65%（ABC）,respectively.