生态用地分类初步研究

A Primary Study on Ecological Land Use Classification

中国现有的土地利用分类体系对土地的生态属性考虑不足,导致生态用地分类缺乏统一的标准,生态用地难以得到有效保护。基于此,该文尝试对生态用地分类体系进行初步研究,以期为生态用地的科学管护,国土空间格局的优化和生态文明建设的推进提供科技支撑。在总结借鉴国内外学者有关生态用地研究成果的基础上,首先对生态用地概念进行了界定,在剔除《第二次全国土地调查技术规程-土地利用现状分类》中的非生态用地基础上,采用"逆向递推"方法将生态用地合并归类:根据生态用地的概念、内涵和划分依据,将剔除非生态用地后的土地利用现状分类中的二级地类归为35个生态用地三级地类;根据人类活动对生态用地影响范围和程度的不同而导致发挥的生态功能强弱的差异,将生态用地三级地类合并归类为14个二级地类;基于"人类活动-生态用地"影响反馈机理,将生态用地分为原生生态用地、半人工生态用地和人工生态用地3个一级地类。随后,为使生态用地分类系统在生态用地管理与生态建设实践中发挥应有的作用,将土地利用现状分类与生态用地分类实现了有效衔接。最后,作者建议借鉴国内外对于生态系统服务功能的相关研究,考虑从生态系统服务价值等视角来建立相关定量化的系统科学的生态用地分类体系。

The ecological attributes of land were overlooked in current land use classification system of China, to some extent, which leads to the absence of unified standard of ecological land use classification as well as the difficulties in protecting the ecological land. So, this paper aims to make a preliminary study on the ecological land use classification, so as to provide scientific basis for optimizing the national spatial development pattern and realizing ecological civilization construction. Based on the studies in the aspect of ecological land use both domestic and abroad, this paper defines the concept of ecological land use and excludes non-ecological land use in current land use classification and technical specification for second national land survey, and the remaining ecological land use is reclassified using a reverse recursion method. After excluding the non-ecological land use in current land use classification, the remaining 35 second level land use types of which are classified as the third level ecological land use. Then, according to the differentiation of range and degree of the influence of human activity on ecological land use and subsequently induced the intensity differentiation of ecological functions, the 35 third levels ecological land use types are combined into 14 second level ecological land use types. Finally, three first level ecological land use types are obtained, i.e., original ecological land use, semi-artificial ecological land use, and artificial ecological land use, based on the feedback mechanism of the influences between human activities and ecological land use. Effective interlinking between ecological land use classification and current land use classification is carried out, in order to make the ecological land use classification system play expected role in managing ecological land use and implementing ecological construction activities. The authors argue that rational and quantitative ecological land use classification system should be established from the perspective of ecosystem services value.