1951─2012年沈阳市气象条件变化及其与空气污染的关系分析

Changes of Meteorological Factors in Shenyang City during 1951─2012 and Its Relationship with Air Pollution

气象条件对城市空气质量有重要影响,对比各气象要素和空气质量的相关性、分析气象要素的长期变化趋势是研究城市大气环境的重要内容。为增进对东北重工业城市沈阳市大气环境变化的理解,分析了1951─2012年沈阳市气温、地表温度、风速、降水、气压等气象要素的变化特征和趋势,阐明了2008─2013年冬季沈阳市空气污染指数和气象要素的相关性。对沈阳市1951─2012年气温、0 cm地温、风速、降水、气压日平均资料分析结果表明:沈阳市1951─2012年的气温与地表温度呈上升趋势,而风速、降水、气压则呈下降趋势,各气象要素呈显著的季节变化特征,其中冬春季的气温与冬季的地表温度上升趋势最明显,冬春季的风速、夏秋季的降水量和春秋季的气压下降最为明显。20世纪90年代以来,沈阳市的气温、地表温度升高显著,风速、气压下降明显,年际变化幅度都有增大趋势。分析2008─2013年冬季沈阳市空气污染指数的逐日资料。沈阳市冬季的大气污染呈线性上升趋势,空气污染指数与风速、气压、降水呈负相关,而与气温、地表温度呈正相关,且与地表温度的相关性最高。沈阳市的地表温度变化与东亚范围200 h Pa的风速、500 h Pa高压、850 h Pa的南风呈正相关,而与850 h Pa的北风呈负相关。这表明,沈阳市气候暖化及风速降低是空气污染加重的重要原因。

Weather conditions have an important influence on City air quality. Correlation of various meteorological elements and air quality, analysis of long-term trends of meteorological elements is an important research content of city atmospheric environment. For promote understand the changes of atmospheric environment in the northern Chinese heavy industrial city of Shenyang, analysis of variation characteristics and trend of air temperature, surface temperature, wind speed, precipitation, air pressure and other meteorological elements during 1951 — 2012 in Shenyang city. Clarifies the correlation of winter air pollution index and meteorological factors in Shenyang during 2008—2013. During the years of 1951—2012 in Shenyang City, analysis of air temperature, ground temperature, precipitation, wind speed, 0cm pressure daily average data, the results show that： air temperature and the surface temperature rise in Shenyang city during 1951—2012. Wind speed, precipitation, air pressure decreased. The meteorological factors showed significant seasonal variation characteristics, in which the air temperature in winter and spring and surface temperature in winter rise trend most obvious. Wind speed in winter and spring, precipitation in summer and autumn, air pressure in spring and autumn decreased obvious. 20 Centuries since 90 time, the air temperature and surface temperature increased obvious in Shenyang city, wind speed and air pressure decreased obvious, interannual variation has a trend of increase. Analysis of air pollution index daily data in Shenyang City during winter of 2008—2013. Air pollution is linear increase trend in winter in Shenyang city. Air pollution index and air pressure, wind speed, precipitation was negative correlation, and air temperature, surface temperature was positive correlation, in which and surface temperature most relevant. the change of the surface temperature in Shenyang city and 200 h Pa wind speed, 500 h Pa high voltage, 850 h Pa south wind in East Asia was positive correlation, but and 850 h Pa north wind was negatively correlated. These show that, Climate warming and the decrease of wind is an important cause of air pollution in Shenyang city.