森林改善空气环境质量功能监测与评价研究

Research on the Monitoring and Evaluation of Forest Function in Air Environmental Quality Improvement

为全面了解森林内部属性与森林改善空气环境功能之间的内在关系与规律,以及不同森林在改善空气环境质量方面的能力强弱,以中国林业科学研究院热带林业试验中心为研究对象,于2014年7─8月按照2 km×2 km网格间距进行系统抽样,设置51个样地对森林空气温度、湿度、负氧离子含量等空气环境状况指标及林分特征因子进行了监测,并对林分类型、发展阶段、郁闭度等林分因子与森林空气温度、湿度、负氧离子含量之间的关系进行了分析。采用温湿指数、安培空气质量评价系数、森林空气负氧离子评价模型对不同类型森林的空气环境质量进行了评价。结果表明：1）森林改善空气环境质量功能主要与其林分类型、发展阶段、林分郁闭度有关;2）在调节空气温湿度,改善空气环境舒适度方面,针叶混交林最强,然后依次为针阔混交林、阔叶混交林、针叶纯林、阔叶纯林、灌木林,以未成林最弱。在吸附污染物、净化空气方面,针阔混交林最强,然后依次为阔叶混交林、阔叶纯林、针叶混交林、针叶纯林、灌木林,以未成林最弱;3）不同发展阶段的林分在改善空气环境舒适度方面的差异不明显,但随着林分发展阶段的深入,森林的结构越来越复杂,森林净化空气的能力也逐渐增强;4）森林在调节空气温湿度,改善空气环境舒适度等方面的功能随郁闭度的增加而增强,当郁闭度大于0.4时,森林改善空气环境舒适度的功能显著增强。郁闭度在0.4-0.7之间的林分净化空气的功能较强,尤以郁闭度为0.5时最强,当林分郁闭度低于0.4或高于0.7以后,林分净化空气的功能均有所降低;5）总体来说混交林改善空气环境质量的功能要显著强于纯林。研究结果对于经营单位如何通过林分状态的调控来增强森林的空气环境改善功能具有重要指导意义。

In order to understand the inherent relationship and regularity among forest internal attributes and its improvement function to air environment, and the ability of different forest in ameliorating air environment quality, the experimental center of tropical forestry of Chinese academy of forestry was taken as the research object, we made use of the systematic sampling with 2 km×2 km grid and set 51 plots to monitor the forest temperature, humidity, negative air ions content and other factors that associated with the air environment situation in July and August, 2014. The relationship among stand type, stand development stage, stand canopy density and forest air temperature, forest air humidity, forest negative air ions content were analyzed, and the quality of air environment were evaluated according to the temperature-humidity index, Ampere air quality evaluation coefficient and the forest negative air ions evaluation model. The results showed that, 1） The ability in ameliorating air environment quality was associated with forest type, stand development stage and stand canopy density mainly. 2） In the regulation of air temperature, humidity and improve the air environment comfort, the coniferous-mixed forest was strongest, followed by coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest, broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous pure forest, broad-leaved pure forest, shrub forest, and the immature forest was weakest. In the adsorption of pollutants and purify air, the coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest was strongest, followed by broad-leaved mixed forest, broad-leaved pure forest, coniferous-mixed forest, coniferous pure forest, shrub forest, and the immature forest was weakest. 3） The influence of different forest development stages to air environment comfort were not significant, however, the air purification capability of forest increased gradually with the stand development stage in-depth, accompanied by more and more complicated forest structure. 4） The forest functions in the regulation of air temperature and humidity, improve the air environment comfort could be enhanced with the stand canopy density increased, when the canopy density was greater than 0.4, the forest function in improving the air environment comfort was enhanced significantly. Air environment comfort was stronger when canopy density was between 0.4-0.7, which was strongest when the canopy density was 0.5. The purification function of forest to air was reduced when the canopy density was lower than 0.4 or higher than 0.7. 5） Overall, the function of mixed forest was stronger than pure forest in improving the air environment quality obviously. The results had important significance for guiding the Management units, showing how to enhance the improvement function of forest to the air environment quality through regulating the stand status.