地下水饮水安全指标体系构建及评价

Index System Methods and Safety Evaluation on Groundwater for Drinking

提高饮水质量,保证饮水安全,已经成为全球关注的焦点。饮水安全评价是制定水安全保障体系和进行水安全决策的前提和依据。目前,由于饮水安全涉及水质、水量及饮水工程各个方面,难以通过单一指标来反映饮水安全的程。因此如何科学选定项目评价方法并切实指导工程建设实践,已经成为水利研究必须面对的重要课题。以银川平原为例,通过水文地质调查,从水源与人类健康角度,考虑地下水质、水量和地质防护性,构建了适合银川平原特点的饮水安全评价指标体系,并运用层次分析、迭置指数等评价方法,开展了地下水饮水安全评价。评价结果表明:山前洪积倾斜平原,地下水盖层厚度大,埋藏深,大于5 m,水质相对较好,矿化度小0.5 g·L-1,但水量补给有限,开发过程有必要控制开采量;河湖积平原二级阶地大部分地区,水位埋藏浅,小于1 m,蒸发作用强烈,水质及地表防护性能较差,锰、硬度、可溶解性固体、硫酸盐等指标均已超过三类水质标准,水资源可用作农田灌溉或通过改水措施等再利用,同时应防止三废排入;河湖积平原二级阶地北部、一级阶地及黄河东岸为地下水排泄、污水聚集或原生环境氟、硫酸根等元素高含量区域,水质极差,在该区域内应加强沟渠等排水设施的管理,控制化肥农药的施用量,必要时应采取去氟去盐等改水措施。

Due to exposed to serious pollution and influence of natural conditions, drinking water safety has become a hotspot issue drawing high attention from the state and government. Yinchuang Plain is in serious quality-induced water shortage. Through investigation and analysis, this paper established a drinking water safety evaluation system from the perspective of headwaters and human health, studying quality and quantity of groundwater, as well as geological protective performance; safety evaluation on groundwater exploration for drinking in Yinchuan Plain was conducted by adopting analytic hierarchy process and overlay and index methods with the help of GIS software platform. The results of safety evaluation show that Groundwater of Region I is deep and has good quality condition, but water replenishment is limited, so exploitation quantity should be controlled; water level of Region II is shallow, with violent evaporation and a great number of lakes and wetlands. Salinization here is common and water quality and surface protective performance is poor. The water resource in this region can be used for agricultural irrigation or recycling after being improved. In the meantime, discharging of domestic sewage, industrial waste water and solid was Due to exposing to severe pollution and the influence of natural conditions, drinking water safety has become a hotspot issue drawing high attention from the state and government. Yinchuang Plain is in serious quality-induced water shortage. With the consideration of groundwater quality, quantity and geological protective performance, this paper established a drinking water safety evaluation system from the perspective of headwaters and human health through investigation and analysis. Moreover, safety evaluation on groundwater exploration for drinking in Yinchuan Plain was conducted by adopting analytic hierarchy process and overlay and index methods under the GIS software platform.