中国居民邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯膳食摄入水平及其风险评估

Dietary intake and risk assessment of diethylhexyl phthalate in Chinese populations

目的分析我国居民食物消费水平及食物中邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）含量，评估我国居民膳食DEHP的暴露水平及其风险。方法于2011．12013年，采用分层整群随机抽样方法，选取中国14个省份的70个城市的140个超市或集贸市场为采样点，共采集22类食物样品6650份。采用气相色谱一质谱联用方法，检测食物中DEHP的含量。利用食物中DEHP平均含量和2002年“中国居民营养与健康状况调查”数据中68959名调查对象的食物消费量，采用简单分布模型计算不同年龄组人群膳食DEHP摄入水平以及不同种类食物对膳食DEHP摄入的贡献率，并与DEHP的每日可耐受摄入量（TDI，50μg·kg^-1·d^-1）比较，进行风险特征描述。结果6650份样品中DEHP含量范围为未检出～43．80mg／kg。膳食DEHP平均摄入量为2．07（95％CI：0．06～4．09）μg·kg^-1·d^-1，占TDI（50μg·kg^-1·d^-1）的4．14％。2～6、7—12、13～17、18～59、≥60岁组膳食DEHP摄入量分别为3．92（95％CI：0．83～7．01）、3．02（95％CI：0．69～5．36）、2．17（95％CI：0．54～3．81）、1．83（95％CI：0．46～3．21）和1．66（95％CI：0．38～2．94）μg·kg^-1·d^-1。全人群高食物消费量人群（P97.5）为4．73μg·kg^-1·d^-1，占TDI（50μg·kg^-1·d^-1）的9．46％。大米、瓜茄果类蔬菜、面粉对DEHP膳食摄入的贡献率分别为28．4％（0．59／2．07）、14．7％（0．30／2．07）、13．2％（0．27／2．07）。结论中国居民膳食DEHP摄入水平低于健康指导值；DEHP暴露风险较低；大米、瓜茄果类蔬菜、面粉是人群DEHP膳食摄入的主要来源。

Objective To assess dietary exposure of diethylhexyl phthalate（DEHP） among Chinese population, including general population, children aged 2 -6 years, adolescent aged 7 - 12, young people aged 13 -17, adults aged 18 -59 years old as well as older people aged 60 and above and its health risk. Methods A total of 6 650 food samples were collected during 2011 to 2013 from 140 local markets of 14 provinces in China, which covered major foods in China. Samples were detected by GC-MS and categorized into 22 food groups. Food consumption data were taken from China National Nutrition and Health Survey performed in 2002 including 68 959 subjects. Mean concentrations of DEHP in food were combined with individual food consumption data to estimate dietary exposure, and food contributors to dietary DEHP intake were also calculated. Then, the exposure was compared with the tolerable daily intake （TDI, 50 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 ） of DEHP. Results DEHP level in foods （ n = 6 650） was in the range of not detected to 43.80 mg/kg. Mean dietary intakes of DEHP in general population was 2. 07 （95% CI： 0. 06 - 4.09） μg·kg^-1·d^-1 ,accounting for 4. 14 percent of TDI（50 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 ）. Mean dietary intake for population aged 2 -6,7 - 12,13 - 17,18 - 59 as well as elderly aged 60 and above were 3.92（95% CI： 0. 83 -7.01 ） ,3.02（95% CI：0. 69 - 5.36） ,2. 17（95% CI：0. 54 - 3.81 ）, 1.83 （95% CI：0. 46 - 3.21 ） and 1.66（95% CI： 0. 38 - 2. 94） μg·kg^-1·d^-1 respectively. The 97.5 percentile intakes in the general populations was 4. 73 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 , accounting for 9.46% of TDI. Main food sources of DEHP were rice（28.4% （0. 59/2.07） ）, melon solanaceous vegetables （14. 7% （0. 30/2. 07） ） and flour （ 13.2% （0. 27/ 2.07） ） for the general population. Conclusion The results suggested that dietary exposure to DEHP among Chinese population was lower than tolerable daily intake of DEHP and there were no health concerns based on generally accepted exposure limits. Rice, melon solanaceous vegetables and flour were main food contributors of DEHP dietary intake for Chinese populations.