宋代疑经思潮下的老子考辨述论

Study on Tracking down Lao Zi under the Influence of Doubtful Classics Trend of Thought in the Song Dynasty

宋以前很少有人怀疑《史记·老子传》中老子其人其书的真实性。在疑经思潮影响下,宋代考辨老子其人其书的学者渐多,其观点主要有以下三方面:一、李觏、朱熹、吴子良等人认为孔子向老子问礼、孔子晚于老子;二、陈师道根据诸子称引的先后顺序,明确考定老子生活于墨子和荀子之间;三、叶适认为有两个老子,并怀疑《老子传》的真实性。王十朋、黄震、罗璧分别对《史记·孔子世家》、《老子》、《庄子》的真实性产生怀疑。宋人这种疑古惑经的考辨精神,对于厘清先秦诸子的行辈关系及其学术渊源具有非常重要的意义,其考证方法给予后世以启发。

Before the Song dynasty,few people doubt the truth of Lao Zi in Historical Records Biography of Lao Zi under the influence of doubtful Classics Trend of Thought in the Song dynasty,more and more people tracked down Lao Zi.There are three opinions as follows.The first,Li Gou,Zhu Xi and Wu ZiLiang though Lao Zi asked Confucius for etiquette,so Confucius was younger to Lao Zi.The second,According to the order of call,Chen Shidao though Lao Zi was born between Mo Zi and Xun Zi.The third,Ye Shi though two Lao Zi actually,and doubted the truth of Biography of LaoZi.Wang Shipeng,Huang Zhen and Luobi doubted the truth of Historical Records Aristocratic Family of Confucius,Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi.The speculative spirit of the people of Song dynasty has a important significance to finding out the priority of the pre-Qin philosophers whose methodology gave later ages inspiration.