志气相依与通达——王阳明心志与气机关系略论

The Interdependence of Will and Qi : On Wang Yangming's Account of the Relationship Between Will and Qi

西方哲学的身心关系问题在中国哲学中是以心气关系呈现的,而心气关系在儒家则是"志"与"气"的关系。志与气的关系,由孟子较为系统提出,经王阳明充分发展与完善。阳明认为,持志即是养气,孟子的"守约"、"专心致志"说的是一个道理。持志首先要立志、定心,养气即在其中。阳明认为,立志既是涵养正气的功夫同时也抵御、辟出邪气,即克服杂念、清除习气、通理气机。阳明详细阐发了定气与定心的关系原理:他依据孟子学说用"主一"概念解释了通过持志而定心和"硬把捉此心"之间的分别,从而通过"意动气动"对"志公意私"的说法作出了准确的说明。王阳明认同程明道关于"生之谓性"的论述,认为气也是性,只要不执著一边,依良知行去即是,这样最终将性、心、气完全打通归并为一。这一论述将身心一体的哲学推向了高峰。

The relationship of body and mind in the western philosophy is reflected in the Chinese philosophy as the relationship of and energy(qi) to the Confucianism. The relationship of will and energy was introduced by Mengzi(Mencius), and was further developed and improved by Wang Yangming.Yangming made a clarification that will and energy are one combination, which having nothing to do with order or scale. Yangming believed that to hold the will is the best way to nourish one's energy as they are the one. Based on Mengzi's theory, he explained the difference in holding the will come the first, concentration come the second, also the difference between holding one's will and controlling his own desires. Following the rules by the mind and let the energy work and comfort through the body, will lead to the combination of mind, energy and nature. Yangming also pointed out another thought, 'Naturally Born For', which standing for his agreement with Cheng Mingdao's theory.