“人学转向”:马克思哲学变革的实质

"Turning to Humanity" : The Essence of Marx's Philosophical Revolution

马克思哲学实现了哲学史上的伟大变革,而其变革的实质并非创立了一种新的本体论形而上学,而是实现了其哲学的"人学转向"。马克思在批判传统哲学的基础上,以"人类世界"为主题,从"现实的人"出发,从而实现了哲学主题和出发点的"人学转向";同时,把人的实践活动作为理解和把握"人类世界"及"现实的人"的根据,即以人的实践活动作为其哲学的建构原则,创立了实践唯物主义,由此实现了其哲学对象及其根本内容的"人学转向";从实践唯物主义出发去审视现存的"人类世界",揭示受"资本"统治的现存"人类世界"人的异化现象的普遍存在,由此提出改变现存人类世界,最终实现人的自由全面发展的根本目标,从而实现了其哲学价值目标的"人学转向"。

There is no doubt that Marxist philosophy has realized the great change in the history of philosophy,and its essence is not the change to create a new ontological metaphysics,but to achieve the ＂ turn＂ of philosophy. On the basis of criticizing the traditional philosophy,Marx with ＂ human world＂ as the theme,starting from the ＂ realistic people＂,so as to realize the themes and the starting point of humanism philosophy. At the same time,human practice activity as the understanding and grasp the ＂ human world＂ and according to the ＂ realistic people＂,i. e.,according to the construction of people＇s philosophy of practice as its principle,founded the practical materialism,thus realized the object of philosophy and its fundamental content of ＂ Turning to Humanity＂. Starting from the practical materialism to examine the existing ＂ human world＂,he revealed the rule of ＂ capital＂ existing ＂ human world＂ man＇s alienation phenomenon exists generally,thus changed the existing in the human world,achieved the basic goal of people＇s free all-round development,so as to realized its value target of ＂ Turning to Humanity＂ philosophy.