民国时期小学作文命题思想初探

The Thoughts of the Composition Proposition of Primary School of the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期语文教育界对小学作文教学中虽很棘手却又很重要的命题进行了深入探讨。在作文命题方法方面,他们主要提出了教师命题法、儿童自由命题法、师生共同命题法、不定题目、后定题目以及图画实物命题法等方法。鉴于各种方法各有优缺点,他们倡导因势利导,发挥不同命题形式间相互为用的关系。其中,在肯定主流教师命题法存在必要性的同时,提出了若干教师应该遵守的能体现儿童本位的命题标准,并在此基础上,对作文命题的题材范围做出了以儿童生活经验为中心的诸多限定。民国教育界这些有关作文命题的思想给我们当下的小学作文教学留下了重要的思想启迪。

The Chinese educational circle during the period of the Republic of china had carried on the discussion to the issue of proposition in primary school＇s composition teaching,which was very difficult but very important. In the aspect of composition proposition methods,they mainly put forward several methods. In view of the reality of various methods with advantages and disadvantages,they advocated that the teacher should employ these proposition methods alternately according to the specific situation. While they put forward several principles which was characteristic of children orientation. Basing on this,they limited the composition ranges mainly to children＇s life experience. These educational circle＇s thoughts left important legacies to composition teaching in primary school today.