多部门视角下的服务贸易壁垒度量

Measurement of Barriers to Trade in Services from the Perspective of Various Sectors

本文利用"联合国服务贸易统计数据库"构建了2000年到2012年83个国家和地区7个不同部门的服务贸易出口面板数据,并对经典引力模型加以改进,引入双向固定效应,计算了关税等值。新模型不仅可以避免由缺少价格指数数据引起的样本数量损失,更解决了老模型无法充分应用面板数据的问题。分组分析的结果显示,发达经济体比非发达经济体有更小的关税等值,即发达经济体更加开放;服务贸易壁垒在不同经济体的不同部门之间差异很大;非发达经济体的关税等值比发达国家更分散化,即非发达经济体之间的服务贸易壁垒差别较大。

In this paper,the panel data of service trade for 7service sectors in 60 countries and regions over the 2000 to 2012period were built using the＂United Nations Service Trade Statistics Database＂.The classical gravity model was modified by introducing the two-way fixed effects,and the tariff equivalents were estimated.The new model not only avoids the sample loss from lacking of the price index data,but also solves the problem of the old model that the panel data is not applicable.It is found out that advanced ones are more open in service trade than less advanced economies and that there are large variations in trade barriers across sectors and across countries for each sector.Furthermore,less advanced countries often have more diverse service trade barriers than advanced countries do.