香港自由港模式发展演化、动力机制及启示

Development Model, Motivational Mechanism and Enlightenments of Hong Kong Freeport

文章在总结并回顾香港由转口贸易型自由港、加工贸易型自由港向综合型自由港和跨区域综合型自由港的演化历程的基础上,分析探讨了区位市场、运行机制、政策框架、要素投入等内部动因与国际经济环境、政治环境等外部动因的相互作用,共同推动其发展演化的动力机制。最后提出香港自由港发展演化对中国自由贸易区建立与发展的几点启示:1)依据其发展阶段与条件选择与之相适应的发展模式;2)选择区位条件有利的地区建设自由贸易区;3)自由贸易港或贸易区持续发展的必要条件是能保持相对稳定的政治环境和相对独立的行政单元;4)自由贸易港(区)功能和作用的充分发挥离不开自由的经济制度和仿真的国际化经营环境。

Today, the Free Economic Zone（FEZ）, as the product of economic globalization and regional economic integration, has served as a significant platform for the reform of related institutions and a growth pole, which accelerates regional development. The Free Economic Zone features sustaining increase of numbers, diversification of types, far-reaching impact, synthetic functions, and more efficient management and administration. During the past 170 years, especially since World War Ⅱ, Hong Kong Freeport has been considerably enriched and perfected with the expansion of its function, and grown into one of the most open and inclusive freeports in the world. Most of the recent researches concentrate on the static analysis of the history, function, free economic policies of Hong Kong Freeport while the dynamic analysis of its development and the motivation fails to attract enough critical attention. This paper is begun with the retrospection of the emergence of the freeport, the three stages of transformation of the freeport by focusing respectively on manufacturing, synthetic and cross-regional types and related rules. Location, management mechanism, frame of policies and structure of industries are categorized as internal factors while the international economic, political and cultural environments are considered as external forces. The combination and interaction of the internal and external forces constitute the motivational mechanism, which propels the progress of the freeport. Finally,this paper has also discussed the Enlightenment of Hong Kong Freeport to the construction and development of China free trade zones： 1） The corresponding development pattern should be adopted according to its developing stage and conditions. 2） The Free Trade Area should be constructed in location of favorable locational condition. 3） Relatively stable political environment and administrative district become the essential conditions of promoting the sustainable development of free trade port and area. 4） The full function of the free port zone depends on a free economic system and the emulational international operation. To some degree, this paper enlightens the theories related to the perfection of free economic zone and the establishment of China free trade area.