基于地形动力学的海滩裂流安全性评价——以三亚大东海为例

Beach Safety Evaluation Based on Rip Current Morphodynamic: A Case Study of Dadonghai of Sanya, China

文章基于海滩地形动力学模型建立了海滩安全性评价方法,认为低潮沙坝/裂流海滩类和沙坝类海滩出现裂流概率最大,沙坝消散类和有裂流的低潮台地类海滩裂流风险中等,没有裂流的低潮台地海滩、没有沙坝的消散海滩、超消散型、完全反射型海滩裂流风险很小。以三亚大东海为例,利用该评价方法分析了海滩溺水事故频发的原因,结果显示:1)该海滩状态以沙坝型和低潮沙坝/裂流海滩型为主,属于高风险海滩,此结论与当地救生实践吻合;2)该海滩溺水事故发生的根本原因为裂流危险性高,故容易发生溺水事故。

Swimming is a popular activities for the beach tourists. In recent years, a large number of beach drowning accidents occurred in China, which were mainly caused by the rip currents. In this paper, a beach safety evaluation model is established based on the beach morphodynamic state model. The paper considers that low tide bar/rip and barred beaches have highest probability of rip currents, barred dissipative beaches and low tide terrace with rips beaches have medium risk of rip currents, and low tide terrace without rips, non-barred dissipative, ultra-dissipative and reflective beaches have low probability of rip currents. The model is used to evaluate the beach rip currents risk at Dadonghai, Sanya. The results show that Dadonghai beach has low tide bar/rip and barred beach states and has high rip current risk which accords with the local life-saving practices. This model can provide guidance for the beach safety evaluation and bathing beach management.