中药挥发油提取方法分析

The analysis of methods for extracting essential oils

挥发油是存在于植物体中的一类具有挥发性、可随水蒸汽蒸馏得到的油状液体。目前,挥发油的提取方法有蒸馏法、溶剂提取法、压榨法、超声波辅助萃取法、微波辅助萃取法、亚临界水萃取法、超临界流体萃取法、酶解提取法等方法。本文对近年来有关挥发油的提取方法,以及如何根据挥发油的性质和用途筛选适合的提取方法进行总结,以提高中药挥发油的提取率。

volatile oil was a kind of component existing in plant possessing volatility and obtained by steam distillation. The extraction method of volatile oil had steam distillation,solvent extraction,squeeze method,μltrasonic- assisted extraction,microwave aided extraction,subcritical water extraction method,supercritical fluid extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis extraction and so on at present. We discussed the extraction method of volatile oil in recent years,and screened relevant method according to the property and use of volatile oil,which would increase the extraction rate of volatile oil.