南方淑女解构——论《心是孤独的猎手》中雌雄同体现象

Deconstruction of Southern Lady——A Study of Androgyny in The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter

作为20世纪著名南方女作家,卡森·麦卡勒斯创作主题之一就是对于父权社会中女性命运,尤其是对南方女性命运的描写。《心是孤独的猎手》,作为麦卡勒斯的处女作,自出版起,就受到各方评论家的关注,但大多数评论主要集中于对小说中孤独主题的分析。然而,除了对人与人之间隔离状况的描写,麦卡勒斯还试图将《心是孤独的猎手》中的女主人公-米勒描写成雌雄同体的"变性人",从而利用这种被解构的女性呈现出父权社会在女性通往自由之路上所展现霸权。"雌雄同体"一词最早出现在柏拉图《会饮篇》中阿里斯托芬的描述当中,现主要传达者一种对人类两性和谐相处的理想期盼,是一种超越的完美人的存在。尽管在霸权之下米勒最终还是难以摆脱回归南方淑女的厄运,但麦卡勒斯通过对米勒的雌雄同体描写向我们展示了女性在摆脱是南方淑女摆脱传统"刻板形象"上的努力,并对她们从禁锢的意愿与个性中解放出来起到了一定的帮助。

As one of the most famous American southern female writers , Carson McCullers pays great attention to women’s fate （southern women in particular ） in this patriarchal society . The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter ,as her first novel , has received considerable critics since its publication , yet most of them are inclined to the analysis of its lonely theme . This paper , however , tends to analyze McCullers’ efforts in presenting the hegemony exerted by the patriarchal society on southern women ’s road to freedom . “Androgyny” derives from Aristophane’s account , in Plato’s Symposium , which is the ideal state of man with both characteristics of male and female , delivering human’s hope of the harmonious existence between males and females . Although Miller has no other choice but to return to “Southern Lady”while being caught in this patriarchal hegemony , she , to some extent , helps to reveal McCullers’s endeavor in freeing women from the traditional “stereotype” by applying androgyny theory , and further disclose how McCullers’ females free their smothered willing and characteristics .