扁蓿豆种子生产适宜收获时间的确定

Determination of the appropriate harvest time of seed production in Melissttus ruthenicus

为了确定扁蓿豆荚果和种子发育阶段的收获时间及1 d中的裂荚时间,试验采用野外调查和室内试验的方法,测定了荚果和种子的形态学和生理学特征及1 d中与裂荚相关的环境因子。结果表明:扁蓿豆在种子发育过程中的适宜收获时间为盛花后第36天,此时荚果和种子颜色均为棕色;种子失去绿色后干重达到最大,荚皮和种子含水量下降到最低,为10%左右;裂荚率与空气温度、空气湿度、荚皮温度和荚皮含水量均呈极显著相关关系(P<0.01);每天裂荚高峰期发生在12:00—14:00之间,而8:00前和18:00后不裂荚。说明扁蓿豆盛花后第36天达到收获期,此时为种子最佳收获时间;1 d中最佳收获时间为8:00前和18:00后。

To determine the harvest time of the pod and seed development stage of Melissttus ruthenicus and the time of pod dehiscence in a day,the methods of field investigation and indoor test were used to measure the morphological and physiological characteristics of the pod and seed as well as the environmental factors related to pod dehiscence in a day. The results showed that the appropriate harvest time during seed development of Melissttus ruthenicus was 36 d after full bloom,at the moment,the colors of pods and seeds were brown color. The seed dry weight reached the maximum value after losing their green color,and the water contents of pod wall and seed decreased to the minimum values of about10 %. The rate of pod dehiscence showed highly significant correlations（ P 0. 01） with air temperature,air humidity,the temperature and water content of pod wall. The peak of pod dehiscence occurred from 12： 00 to 14： 00 and there was no pod dehiscence before 8： 00 and after18： 00. The results indicate that the optimum harvest time of the seed of Melissttus ruthenicus was 36 d after full bloom when reaching the harvest period,and the optimum harvest time was before 8： 00 and after 18： 00 in a day.