苏南稻区稻麦周年高产高效品种比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Annual High Yield and Efficiency Varieties of Rice and Wheat in Jiangsu Southern Rice Region

[目的]探明苏南稻区主要稻麦两熟品种的生育期、产量及主要性状的表现,及其与耕作制度的关系。[方法]选择苏州地区种植的南粳46、常优5号、常农粳8号等16个粳稻品种和扬麦16号、镇麦10号等9个小麦品种,通过在苏州不同地区进行试验分析了不同粳稻品种和小麦品种的产量和产量结构、生育期和株高等主要性状。[结果]参试粳稻品种间的产量存在极显著差异,小麦品种间的产量无显著差异;粳稻不同播期和生育期与产量的相关性不显著,而小麦不同播期和生育期与产量的相关性达到极显著水平。稻麦高产品种的每穗粒数与产量的相关性极显著,说明稳定每公顷穗数、控制无效分蘖、提高成穗率、增加每穗粒数是稻麦周年高产的重要基础。[结论]针对苏州地区,在选择周年高产高效的稻麦品种组合时,主要考察水稻品种的产量和品质,其次考虑小麦品种的播期和生育期,再结合实际生产的需要合理搭配高产型、高效型或高产高效兼顾型的稻麦品种组合。

[Objective] The aim was to understand growth period,yield and main traits as well as the relation with farming system of varieties combination of rice and wheat in Jiangsu Southern rice region. [Method] Sixteen Japonica rice varieties and nine wheat varieties planting in Suzhou area were selected,and growth period,yield and main traits were analyzed through comparison tests in different areas of Suzhou City.[Result]The yield showed very difference in tested Japonica rice varieties,while there was no difference in tested wheat varieties. The different sowing date and growth period of Japonica rice varieties had no significant correlation with yield,while the different sowing date and growth period of wheat varieties had very significant correlation with yield. The number of grains per spike of high yield and efficiency varieties of rice and wheat had very significant correlation with yield,which indicated that keeping the number of spike per hectare,controlling ineffective tillering,improving spike rate and increasing the number of grains per spike were the important basis for annual high yield and efficiency varieties of rice and wheat. [Conclusion]As for Suzhou area,when annual high yield and efficiency varieties of rice and wheat were selected,yield and quality of rice varieties were mainly observed,secondly sowing date and growth period of wheat varieties were considered,and then high yield varieties,efficiency varieties or the combination of high yield and efficiency varieties of rice and wheat were matched.