农业开发与历史上的生态问题

On the Relationship between Agricultral Development and Ecological Problems in History

以"开发—破坏"模式来看待农业开发与历史上的生态问题是过于简单的做法。由于能以较小地块养活更多人口,发展农业曾起到缓解人口增长对环境压力的作用。农业具有生态功能,在开发强度不大的情况下,对环境的改善作用往往超过其负面影响。但是农业的发展不断给人口增长提供新的空间,从而会给环境带来越来越大的压力。中国历史上因农业经营而导致生态问题主要是在明清人口大爆炸之后。历史上的生态环境问题并非单纯因农业开发所致,也不可能仅仅通过农业的调整予以解决。

It is a simplistic practice to discuss the relationship between agricultral development and ecological problems in history on the mode of ＂development and destory＂.Since it can support more people in small plots, agricultral development has played a role in relaxing the pressure of pop- ulation growth on the environment. Agriculture has ecological function.Its positive effect on the environment is often more than its negative effect, if agricultural intensity isn＇t very high. But agricultral development always provides new space for population growth, which will bring more and more pressure on the environment. It＇s a historical process for ecological problems caused by agricultural management. The problems became serious after the population explosion in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The ecological environment in the history is not simple caused by agricultural development, it also could not be resolved simply by agricultural adjustment.