我国失业保险金标准的空间差异与影响因素分析——省级面板数据的空间计量

The Influencing Factors and Spatial Distribution of Unemployment Insurance Standards:A Spatial Econometric Research Based on Provincial Data

本文运用探索性空间数据分析方法,并通过构建空间Durbin双向效应模型,对2000-2012年间我国失业保险金标准的空间差异和失业保险金标准制定与调整的影响因素进行了分析研究。结果表明,我国失业保险金在空间分布上存在正相关性,标准较高的地区在空间上相互聚集,标准较低的地区在空间上也相互集中,各省之间存在显著的空间依赖性;失业保险金标准的制定和调整缺乏统一依据,各省失业保险金标准的提高主要受邻近省份最低生活保障、最低工资、在职职工的平均工资、人均GDP的提高和本省最低工资的提高及参保人员失业率降低等因素影响;失业保险受保人的权利和义务不对等,受保人按照社会保险缴费,却按照社会救助享受失业待遇,长期必将造成失业保险功能的扭曲。

Based on 2000-2012 provincial panel data,this paper uses exploratory spatial data method and the spatial Durbin models to analyze the spatial distribution of unemployment insurance standards and the influencing factors of unemployment insurance standards development and adjustment.It draws the following conclusions：firstly,for unemployment insurance there is a positive correlation in the spatial distribution,which is featured by aggregation in high-level areas and concentration in low-level areas.There is a significant spatial interdependence among provinces.Formulation and adjustment of unemployment insurance standards lack scientific basis,and the provincial unemployment insurance is mainly influenced by the minimum living guarantee,the minimum wage,the average wage of workers,per capita GDP of nearby provinces.The rights and obligations of unemployment insurance are unequal for the insured who pay the fees according to insurance,but receive the treatment in accordance with unemployment assistance.This will inevitably lead to the distortion of unemployment insurance functions.