论罗马法中信托担保的结构和保护模式

On the Structure and Protecting Method of Fiducial Cum Creditors in Roman Law

信托担保在罗马法中是指,为了担保的目的,信托债务人通过要式买卖或者拟诉弃权的方式将财产的所有权转让给信托债权人,作为其债权的担保,同时当事人之间订立信托简约。信托简约因为不符合法律的规定,得不到法律的保护,只能诉诸依据诚信的私人裁决。但随着实践的发展,裁判官将其接纳为具有市民法诉讼性质的诚信诉讼的一种,即信托之诉,信托债务人可以依此保护自己的利益,同时信托债权人可以提起信托反诉。

The fiducial cum creditors in roman law intends that the debtor transfers the ownership of property to the creditor through mancipatio and in iure cessio in order to provide security for obligations,concluding a pactum fiduciae. Originally,parties could only resort to the private arbitration based on fides because the pactum fiduciae,without legal requirements,was not protected by ius civile.With the development of practice,the Praetor received it as one kind of bonae fidei iudicia which was subject to the action civiles,namely,actio fiduciae,which the debtor could proceed,at the same time,the creditor could proceed the actio fiduciae contraria.