儒家“三祭”之礼的人文精神

On Humanistic Spirit of the Confucian Ceremony of “Three Sacrifices”

儒家祭天地、祭祖先、祭圣贤三祭之礼渊源甚早,有着鲜明的人文指向,体现出独特的人文精神:敬鬼神、承大祭的"神道设教";质性情、形文饰的中和精神;慎始终、厚民德的道德教化;祖有功、宗有德的人文意蕴;别远近、序尊卑的伦理秩序。在中国历史上,儒家具有宗教性和人文理性的双重品格,这对于今天世界的宗教、种族冲突有重要的化解和平衡功能。

With the early origin, the Confucian Ceremony of ＂Three Sacrifices＂, namely sacrifices to heaven and earth, ances- tors and sages, embodies a unique spirit of humanism-orientation, which is to be described as follows： to awe ghosts and gods, and to hold the grand sacrifice for ＂religious teachings＂ ; to pay attention to the nature of disposition and external etiquette for humanistic implication; to respect for his ancestors and people on moral education; to advocate the humanistic spirit of the merit of ancestors and sages; to distinguish between the feeling and alienation, the honorable and humble for the ethical order. In Chinese history, the Confucianism has the dual character of both religion and humanistic rationality, which plays a significant role in resolving and balancing the religious and ethnic conflicts in the world.