从当代治理哲学看中国先秦哲学的价值

Value of Chinese Philosophy in the Pre-Qin Period from the Perspective of Contemporary Philosophy of Governance

现代治理哲学提倡社会力量的自主管理,要求与人民共有、共治、共享。中国先秦思想家在国家治理方面有着丰富而深刻的思想。儒家主张行"王道",成就公平正直的社会。道家主张道法自然,以"慈"治理天下;如果一个社会光讲公正不讲慈爱,就成了冷冰冰的社会。墨家充分认识到社会精英对社会治理的重要性。法家的法,可以声张国家的意志,树立公法的绝对威望;谋求富国强兵必须变法改革。杂家主张治理的好坏要看能否汇集更多的智慧和优长。

Modern philosophy of governance advocates the exercises of autonomy and thus claims the rights of people in the gov- ernance of the country. In Pre-Qin Period, many philosophers expressed their ideas in their works on the governance of the country. The Confucianists called for the ＂benevolent （ren） governance＂ to reconstruct a fair and honest society while the Daoists recommended a society which would respect the nature （ziran） of the world and highlight the role of ＂compassion＂ in the process of governance, as they realized that even a completely fair society would possibly be a frosty society with the absence of the compassionate spirit. According to the Mohists, the social elites would play an important role in the social governance. The Legalists approved of the rule of law which they thought could make the national will public and build up the absolute authority of the public law. As a result, the political reform is necessary if the nation intends to be wealthy and strong. The Eclectics be- lieved that how we value the governance largely depends on the integration of more wisdoms and merits.