政府背书下的土地信托、权能配置与农业产业结构调整——来自福建S县的证据

Land Trust Circulation,Rights Deployment and the Adjustment of Agricultural Structure with Endorsement of Government Credit—Evidence from S County in Fujian Province

土地细碎化和初始资金约束是制约当前农业现代化的主要因素。首先总结了不同土地产权制度下的土地流转模式,在此基础上讨论了中国土地权能及其配置情况,提出了有利于解决土地细碎化和初始资金约束问题的、政府信用背书的土地流转信托假说,并运用福建S县土地流转信托的案例对假说进行验证。研究发现,在现有土地产权、承包权和经营权这三种权能分离的情形下,政府信用背书的土地流转信托模式可以实现土地权能的合理配置,一方面,可以解决农民土地流失问题、增强农民参与土地流转的积极性;另一方面,可以激发企业的专有性初始投资以缓解初始资金约束问题。这就使得土地的集中连片规模化、集约化生产经营成为可能,从而推动农业产业结构调整。

Land fragmentation and the insufficient initial investment are currently the main factors that restrict agricultural modernization in China.This paper firstly summarized the land transfer mode under different land property rights system,and then discussed the rural land title and its deployment,based on a hypothesis that we proposed about rural land trust circulation model which can solve the problem of land fragmentation and insufficient initial investment.After that,a rural land trust circulation case in S County,Fujian province,was used to validate the hypothesis.The study found that:in the case of the land title,contract right and management right of the rural land have been separated and controlled.The rural land trust circulation with the government credit endorsement will achieve a reasonable allocation of the poverty right,which will on the one hand solve the problem of land loss of peasants,increase farmers' enthusiasm of participation in land transfer;and on the other hand,can increase the initial proprietary investment and ease the problem of insufficient initial investment.This makes the scale expansion and intensification of rural land in China possible in order to promote the adjustment of agricultural structure.