新型农业经营主体培育与农业治理转型——基于皖南平镇农业经营制度变迁的分析

The Cultivation of New Agricultural Business Entities and the Transformation of Agricultural Governance——Based on the analysis of the institutional transition of agriculture operation in Ping Town in the Southern part of Anhui

地方政府在农业改革中往往利用以资本下乡推动土地规模流转的方式来培育新型农业经营主体,推行强制性的农业经营制度变迁。皖南平镇在近年来依靠优惠政策和国家项目推动土地流转,培育新型农业经营主体,重构出以龙头企业与家庭农场为主体的农业组织格局。受政策优惠和制度激励的新型农业经营主体,不仅要求地方政府在基础设施、惠农政策、支农项目等方面向他们倾斜,而且还成为基层农业治理结构中强有力的博弈集团。他们与地方政府的诸多博弈行动逐步"倒逼"政府,使农业治理的目标更加失衡与单一,这对当前农业治理提出了新的挑战。

The local government attempts to cultivate new agricultural business entities by the means of driving the land circulation in large scale that is promoted by the capital invested in the rural areas,which leads to the mandatory institutional change in the process of agriculture reform.The new agricultural business entities has been cultivated by driving land circulation depending on concessional policies and national programs in recent years in Ping Town,and the structure of agricultural industry with the main bodies of dragon-head enterprises and family farms has been formed.The new agricultural business entities,which are inspired by concessional policies and institutions,not only request the priority from the local government in the aspects of infrastructures,agriculture preference policies and agricultural programs,but become the powerful game groups in the structure of grass-roots agriculture governance.Game actions between them and the local government force the government backward gradually,and make the goals of agriculture governance to become more unbalanced and unitary,which pose new challenges to agriculture governance in present.