论马克思视域中的社会有机体之基本特征

Basic Features of Social Organism from the Marxist Perspective

社会有机体这一概念是比拟生物有机体的特征而提出的。马克思借用这一术语来说明社会是包括人和全部社会生活领域在内的各种要素相互依存、相互作用的运动着、发展着的有机整体。马克思视域中的社会有机体既具备类似生物有机体的一般特征,又拥有自己独特的本质特征,即便是与生物有机体相类似的一般特征,在社会有机体那里也有着不同的实质内容和表现形式。主要体现为:社会有机体形成于实践之中,这是社会有机体与生物有机体之间存在根本区别的原因;社会有机体是一个发展着的有机开放系统,在此点上社会有机体与生物有机体具有相类似的特征;社会有机体是一种自觉的有机体,这是社会有机体异于生物有机体,并最终优于生物有机体的特征所在。

The concept of social organism is proposed by comparing with the biological organisms.The social organism is an overall category that Marx used to describe the development and operation of the human society.It is a unified whole in which all the social elements and structures are connected and interacted with each other.Also,it is a dialectical process in which all of the social activities and relations are acting and changing.In Marxist perspective,social organism has the general characteristics similar to biological organisms,and its own unique characteristics essence.That is,the social organism is a developing system and conscious organism which is formed in the process of human beings’prac-tices.