解放前呼伦贝尔地区邮政及驿站通信史况

Historical Overview on Postal Service and Communication of Courier Station in Hulunbuir Region before Liberation

呼伦贝尔地区的通信历史悠久,解放前经历了由传统邮驿到近代邮政创设和发展的历史变革。早在元代,根据政治和军事需要在这里相继设立邮驿等通信设施,用以飞报军情、传递官方文书。清代,为了传递公文、抵御沙俄,在原有驿站的基础上又增加了卡伦通信模式。作为少数民族聚居区域的塞北邮驿,对保持边疆与中央王朝的联系、维护祖国的统一和巩固边疆发挥过重要作用。鸦片战争之后,沙俄趁机入侵,在这里建立了"客邮",近代邮政事业开始在呼伦贝尔萌芽。晚晴至民国期间,呼伦贝尔近代邮政发展较为迅速,表现为邮政处所数目增多、邮政业务广泛、邮路多样等方面。这些为新中国成立后呼伦贝尔地区邮电事业的发展起到了奠基作用。

Hulunbuir region has a long history of communication,which experienced a historical change from the tradi-tional post to the establishment and development of modern postal service before liberation.In the early Yuan Dynasty, the communication facilities such as post were set up here successively according to the political and military needs in or-der to inform promptly and deliver the official documents.Qing Dynasty added Ka Lun-a communication mode on the ba-sis of the original courier station in order to transfer documents and resist Tsarist Russia.Post in the north of the Great Wall,as the communication mode in areas where minority nationalities live in concentrated communities,played an im-portant role in keeping track of the frontier regions and the central dynasty,safeguarding the unification of the motherland and consolidating the frontier regions.After Opium War,Tsarist Russia seized the chance to invade the area and set up“Passenger Post”,and then the modern postal service started in Hulunbuir.During the period of late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the modern post of Hulunbuir developed more rapidly,which could be manifested by the increase in the number of postal premises,the wide range of postal service and the diversity of postal routes,etc.All of these played a basic role in the development of post and telecommunication in Hulunbuir region after the establishment of the People’ s Republic of China.