基于“贸易引致学习”的出口获益研究

The Research on the Gains from Exporting:Trade Induced Learning Perspective

本文基于"贸易引致学习"的视角,以生产率提高作为获益的代理指标,以出口目的地加权经济增长率作为出口额的工具变量,利用2000-2006年合并的中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库,通过考察出口额对生产率的影响及机制来对此进行回答。面板数据二阶段最小二乘法的估计结果表明,出口额增加能显著提高生产率。此外,出口额相同的情况下,与中国发展水平相近的目的地技术水平越高、以加工贸易方式出口占比越大;一般贸易方式下出口商品种类越多,越有利于企业生产率的提高。因此,中国对外贸易策略的调整可以考虑从出口市场分布、贸易方式和出口商品多样化等方面着手。

With economic situation at home and abroad deteriorating, China＇s export is slowing down. On this background, how China adjusts its export strategy to maintain benefit from export becomes an important issue. This paper tries to answer this question through investigating how export affect productivity from perspective of trade induced learning effect. Focusing on the matched information of highly disaggregated product-level trade data and firm-level production data from 2000 to 2006 in China, we construct a new measure of firm-specific demand shock of exporters, based on, the GDP growth rates of exporter＇s destination countries as an instrument variable for firm exports. We find that a one percentage point expansion in exports raises firm total factor productivity （ Olley-Pakes method） by approximately 0. 224 percentage point on average. Moreover, we find that exporting to high-income countries, more processing exporting and scope expansion about variety contribute to the productivity growth. Thus, China can adjust its strategy from aspects of destination distribution, export mode and export goods diversity.