基于增强现实和ERPs架构的SNARC效应展望

The Prospect of SNARC Effect Based on Augmented Reality and ERPs

SNARC效应是人类空间认知的重要组成部分。限于技术手段,现有SNARC研究的理论和技术多以小尺度空间环境为基础,致使其生态效度较低。基于增强现实技术和认知神经科学范式,通过增强现实技术生成的交互情境,从核心加工系统(静态空间SNARC、动态空间SNARC、静态-动态联合SNARC)和加工特性两个方面,研究建立起基于大尺度空间环境的SNARC加工模型。为人类空间认知研究提供了更加完备的知识领域。

The SNARC effect is an important feature of human spatial cognition. However, most existing theories and experimental studies of the SNARC effect are based on small-scale space environments, leading to low ecological validity. Conclusions of the SNARC effect from previous studies are derived from the experimental environments per se or spatial cognitive strategies. Therefore, it is important to make the experimental environments close to the real-world environments. Augmented reality （AR） is a virtual reality technology widely used in psychology, engineering and computer science. AR feeds virtual information into a real psychological world. This type of technology synchronises the real psychological environment and the virtual environment in real-time with the same spatial relationships （Zhao, You, ＆ Zhang, 2014）. AR is superior to the virtual reality technology and reality. It allows the virtual scene generated by computers to be overlaid in the real scene. This makes good fusion between individual and current situation. AR technology with strict control of additional variables can have the advantages of large-scale space and can thus improve the ecological validity of the experiment and realize the integration of human - machine - environment system. AR provides an indispensable condition for large- scale spatial cognition. ERPs can record and compare the brain electrical activities at difference periods when participants conduct digital processing. ERPs provide an approach to understanding the neural physiological mechanisms of spatial cognition. In a relatively real and operating situation, both technologies make the participants focus on the real emotional experience. The combination of these two technologies can result in higher ecological validity of the feedback of biological neural information and improve the theoretical framework. The purpose of this study is to explore the prospect of the SNARC effect from three issues, including spatial cognition psychology for large-scale space in combination with embodied cognition, spatial cognition study based on AR, and the SNARC effect based on AR and ERPs. The SNARC comprehensive experimental system of this study included the editor system of AR and the wireless event related potential system connected by （1） synchronization signal based on Bluetooth, and （2） Python software and Access SDK software. Based on augmented reality and the cognitive neuroscience paradigm, this study established a SNARC processing model based on large- scale spatial environment from two aspects of core processing system and the processing characteristic through interactive situation generated from augmented reality. The core processing system of the SNARC effect is divided into static space SNARC, dynamic space SNARC and static - dynamic SNARC. Processing characteristics mainly analyzed plasticity, development and individual difference. The study provided a more complete knowledge for the psychological research of human spatial cognition.