砂拉越华族族群母语教育与文化传承的维护：以古晋中华第一中学之兴办为个案研究

The Preservation of Chinese Education and Chinese Cultural Heritage:A Case Study of Chung Hua Middle School No.1 of Kuching,Sarawak

砂拉越位于婆罗洲,原为文莱属地,1841年白人拉惹政权建立后,大批华人在其招垦下移入砂拉越。在华文教育萌芽的初期,白人拉惹对其取自由放任的态度,直至20世纪20年代,因华人社会中的政治运动及海外华侨民族主义在各个华文学校的发展,才颁布学校注册法令,开始干涉砂拉越地区的华文教育。二战后,白人拉惹将砂拉越让渡给英国,新成立的殖民地政府急于统合境内各族群对砂拉越的认同,遂推动以英语为教学媒介语的国家教育制度,迫使砂拉越华文中等学校在改制成以英语授课的学校或独立中学之间做出选择。为保存族群母语教育,为华族子弟接受母语教育提供机会,在古晋地区创立的中华第一中学,决定成为一间华文独立中学。这间华文独立中学至今仍有千名以上学生,其校园中充满华族文化气息。本文对古晋中华第一中学的创立、发展、经营作一个案研究,期盼对吾人进一步了解战后砂拉越华族社会族群语言的维护及文化的传承有所助益。

Sarawak became a British Colony in July 1946 . In order to promote integration among the multi-racial communities,the Colonial Government intended to set up a national education system using English as the instruc-tion medium. The“Conversion Plan”of 1961 stressed the importance of English and excluded the Chinese second-ary education from the education system. Most of the Chinese middle schools were converted into English-medium schools in 1962,and only 6 schools remained to teach in Chinese language. Chung Hua Middle School No. 1 has been one of them. The founding of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 further hindered the development of this school. Nonetheless,it still has more than 1,600 students today. This paper intends to study the establishment,＆amp;nbsp;development,management of the school in order to provide a better understanding of the preservation of the lan-guage and cultural heritage of Sarawak Chinese.