耕地流转制度实践的再思考

The Reconsideration of the Practice for Farmland Circulation Institution

我国耕地流转实践至今已有近30年的历史,在取得突出成就的同时也存在很多复杂问题。这些问题既涉及法律设置、粮食安全、配套政策、社会保障等多个方面,又折射出制度实践者的一些主观误读和实践盲区。主观误读主要包括:将耕地流转制度当成是一项必须全面推行的土地政策;认为农民的土地观念太过保守,阻碍了耕地流转的推行;认为政府需要进一步加大干预力度。实践盲区主要体现在两个方面:一是忽略了农民群体内部的分化和差异;二是忽视了农民的主体性立场和利益。基于这一现实,在耕地流转制度的实践与推行过程中,必须明确几个整体性的、具有方向指导性的核心准则,即"两个保护、两个适度"准则。具体来讲就是:保护农民利益准则、保护耕地准则、适度干预准则以及适度市场化准则。

The practice for farmland circulation institution has a history of nearly 30 years in China. It obtains outstanding achievements but also has a lot of complex problems. These problems involves legal settings, food security, supporting policies, social security, and so forth, and reflects some subjective mis- reading and practice blind spots of the institutional practitioners. Subjective misreading mainly includes viewing farmland circulation institution as a must fully implementing land policy. Deeming the farmers＂ land concept too conservative, which hindered the implementation of farmland circulation institution. Insist- ing the farmland circulation institution needs government＂ further intervention. Practice blind area is main- ly manifested in two aspects： One is ignoring the differentiation and differences within the farmer group. The second is neglecting the subjective position and interests of the farmers. Based on this reality, in the process of institution＇s practice and carrying out, we must make clear several core criteria which integrity and has directional guidance, namely ＂two protection, two moderate＂ criteria. In particular that is protect- ing the interests of the farmers, protecting farmland, moderating intervention, moderating marketization.