地区安全稳定视域下的印度和巴基斯坦战术核武器问题

Indian-Pakistan,Tactical Nuclear Arms and Regional Security

虽然印度与巴基斯坦都一再声称其核力量仅用于核威慑,但根据印、巴核武器系统在核弹头威力、运载工具射程等方面表现出来的特征进行分析推断,两国核武库中出现了用于战场作战的战术核武器。印、巴的战术核武器发展态势将进一步影响双边战略稳定,同时引发一系列其他令人担忧的安全问题。南亚次大陆的战术核武器问题与关、苏/俄在欧洲的战术核武器问题相比,既有相似之处,也有特殊之处。印、巴需汲取美、苏/俄的教训,采取措施减少和消除战术核武器引发的安全威胁。

Even though both India and Pakistan have long declared that their nuclear arsenals are only maintained for purposes of deterrence,a review of the capacity of their respective nuclear warheads,the range of their delivery systems,and other characteristics of their weapons finds that nuclear stockpiles on both sides include tactical weapons that are used for combat purposes.The development of tactical weapons on the part of India and Pakistan threatens to undermine strategic stability between the two states,while also generating a range of broader security concerns.Both parallels and key distinctions can be drawn by comparing the issue of tactical nuclear arms on the South Asia subcontinent,and that between the United States and Russia(the USSR)in Europe.India and Pakistan need to study carefully the lessons of the U.S.and Russia,and adopt measures to reduce and ultimately eradicate the security threat posed by tactical nuclear weapons.