清代子弟书稀见序跋考略

Research on the Preface and Postscript of Zidishu in the Qing Dynasty

子弟书是清代说唱文学北方鼓词的重要一支,属于民族说唱曲种中的"单唱鼓词"。它既指清代八旗子弟的创作和表演以及受众作品(含案头阅读作品),又指一种清代曲种与曲艺说唱活动。20世纪末以来,国内外学术界对清代子弟书的研究日益重视,并取得丰硕的成果,但对其序跋的研究却为许多研究者所忽略。考察序跋中提到的子弟书形成原因、刻印传播过程及创作者寻踪,以期给予在清代社会巨变中独具特色的曲艺"子弟书"一个准确的定位与诠释,相信对于了解清代子弟书及其发展脉络、理论批评,对于清代曲艺史、社会史、民族文化史的研究,亦具有重要的学术参考价值。

Zidishu is an important branch of Northern China＇s Guci in the talking and singing literature of the Qing Dynasty. As a type of monophonic guci,it refers to a kind of music and musical activity in the Qing Dynasty,as well as the popular works written and performed by Eight Banners children（including works for reading）. Ever since the end of the twentieth century,increasing importance has been attached to the research on Zidishu by scholars at home and abroad,and therefore,fruitful results have been obtained. This paper is intended to present a preliminary probe into the origin,engraving,and spread of Zidishu,and the search for composers,which are all mentioned in the preface and postscript,to precisely position and interpret this unique type of music through the dramatic social changes. It is believed that an understanding of Zidishu,its development and the theoretical criticism of it,will be of important academic referential value for the study of the history of the Qing Dynasty＇s music,social history,and the history of ethnic culture.