芥兰花芽分化与品种、播种期和春化条件的关系

FLOWER BUD DIFFERENTIATION OF CHINESE KALE (Brassica alboglabra Bailey)AND ITS RELATIONV TO CULTIVAR,SOWING TIME AND VERNALIZATION

本文研究了芥兰(Brassica alboglabra Bailey)花芽形态发育,不同播期和春化条件对芥兰不同品种花芽分化的影响。 芥兰的花芽形态发育可分为6期:1.花芽未分化期,2.花芽将分化期,3.花芽分化始期;4.萼片分化期;5.雌雄蕊分化和形成期,6.花瓣分化发育期。花器官的分化顺序是萼片、雌雄蕊、然后是花瓣。 早、中、迟熟品种同时播种表明,早芥兰的花芽分化期最早,分化叶位最低,迟芥兰的花芽分化期最迟,分化叶位最高,中芥兰则介于两者之间。 芥兰(中迟芥兰品种)在广州7～12月分期播种,以9～10月播种的花芽分化期最早,7～8月播种的较迟,11～12月播种的最迟。随着播种期的延迟,花芽分化时的展叶数逐渐减少,分化叶位逐渐降低。 3±1℃和8±1℃春化处理7、14和21天,对早芥兰的花芽分化期和分化叶位没有明显影响,中迟芥兰则不同程度地提早花芽分化和降低分化叶位。

The mophogenesis of the flower bud of Chinese kale could be divided into six stages:(1)the non-differentiation stage,(2)the pre-differentiation stage,(8)the initial differentiation stage,(4)the sepal formationstage,(5)the carpel and stamen differentiatingand developing stage,(6)the petal formation stage.The differentiation sequence of flower partswas:sepal,carpel,stamen and finally petal.By sowing at the same time,the early-maturing cultivar was the earliest to differentiate and the differentiation occurred at lower nodes,the late-maturing cultivar was the latest to differentiate and at the higher nodes and the mid-maturing cultivar in between the two.Chinese kale was sown at different times from July to December in Guangzhou.The result indicated that flower bud differentiation of those sown in September and October was the earliest,those sown in July and August the next,and those sown in November and December the latest,and with the sowing time being delayed,the number of extended leaves decreased,and the differentiatire nodes became lower.Vernalizationtests with treatment at 3±1℃and 8±1℃ for 7,14 and 21 days on two cultivars ofChinese kale were made.The result indicated that these treatments had no significant effect on differentiates time and differentiative node of the early-maturing cultivar.However,the different treatments in the mid-and late-maturing cultivars could make their flower bud differentiation occur earlier and the differentiate node lower by some degrees.