我国立法听证制度的困境反思与进路完善

On the Self-examination of Predicament and Improving Method of Legislation Hearing System in China

听证制度发轫于美国的正当法律程序,在吸收了协商民主的价值后进入立法领域。该制度在我国发展迅速,甚至出现了网络听证。但是中国固有的政治文化传统的滞后性以及商品经济的不成熟使得立法听证制度在我国先天不足。长期以来的精英政治以及近几十年来公众参与政治被误导,再加上立法听证重功能轻价值的工具主义盛行,该制度在我国运行面临诸多困境。程序正义作为法治的基石,能引导政府主导权威向理性权威过渡。程序理念在确立交涉规则的同时又体现了立法听证过程中分化与独立的价值,促进了理性选择结果的产生。在程序理念深入和推广的大环境下,一部统一完善的立法听证规则呼之欲出。

The heating system comes from Due process liberative democracy, then entered the legislative field. The of law in U.S.A, and it absorbed the value of desystem is growing so fast in China that even the heating appeared on the Internet. But with a lag of Chinese inherent political and cultural tradition and the backward of commodity economy in China, the legislation heating system of China has many inherent problems. With elite politics for long time and the misguided public participation in recent decades, moreover the prevalence of instrumentalism of the legislation hearing system, the system got into trouble in China. As a cornerstone of rule of law, the justice of the procedure can cause the transition that from the government-dominated authority to ration. The idea of process embodies the independent value in the legislation hearing process and promotes the result of rational choice, while it establishes the negotiate rules. When the idea of process is being deepen and broaden, a perfect accordant legislation hearing rule will appear.