制度经济学视域非物质文化遗产保护——以西藏传统文化表现形式为例

Systematic economics area non-material cultural heritage protection——take Tibet traditional culture performance as example

非物质文化遗产具有的一般公共产品特性及外部性,是导致市场失灵的主要原因。作为非遗外部性解决手段的政府干预,重要表现是通过法律制度或公共管制在界定产权或削减交易成本方面发挥作用。《非物质文化遗产法》作为行政法调整非遗保护的典型,必将对鼓励和保护非遗正外部性产生深远积极影响,但其缺点是难于兼顾对私权的尊重。日本、韩国"文化财产"概念以及我国台湾地区"文化资产"概念可以为我们提供某些启示。

Intangible cultural heritages are indued with common product features and externality,as is the principal cause to market malfunction.It is for the government intervention to pass laws or launch common regulations such as defining property rights or curtailing transaction costs so as to solve externality. ＂Intangible Cultural Heritage Law＂ as administrative law to regulate intangible cultural heritage protection will definitely play its role in encouraging and ensuring positive externality,while showing its defect in giving attention to private rights.The notion ＂ cultural assets ＂ in Japan,Korea and Taiwan may provide us with certain enlightenments in this regards.