基于聚集度的我国城乡卫生人力资源规划评价

Evaluation of Human Resources Regulation for Health Between Urban and Rural Areas in China Based on Agglomeration Degree

目的对我国城乡卫生人力资源的数量、种类及分布进行评价,为缩小城乡差距、改善城乡卫生人力资源可及性等问题提供参考依据。方法基于集聚度的概念对卫生人力资源进行评价,分析不同区域间城乡卫生人力资源集聚度。结果(1)城市卫生人力集聚度明显高于农村,农村卫生人力资源集聚度普遍小于1,反映出城乡卫生人力资源地理可及性差异明显;(2)城市部分地区卫生人力集聚度明显大于人口集聚度,而农村卫生人力集聚度普遍与人口集聚度接近,城市集聚的卫生人力资源相对过剩;(3)医师和护士在城乡间的分布明显不均衡,尤其是护士集聚度城市明显高于农村。结论为促进我国卫生人力资源配置的合理性,应进一步提高农村卫生人力资源可及性,改善护理人员在城乡间分布的合理性,并科学设置资源配置标准,促进我国卫生人力资源布局的公平性。

Objective To evaluate the quantity, the kind and the distribution of human resources for health in order to provide some advice to improve the accessibility of human resources for health between urban and rural. Method Based on the concept of agglomeration degree, analyzing human resources for health agglomeration degree （HRAD） of different regions between urban and rural areas. Result （1）The HRAD of urban area is higher than rural area, and the HRAD of rural is prevalently less than 1. That means geographic accessibility of human resources for health have sharp distinction between urban and rural areas.（2）The HRAD of urban is apparently higher than the PAD, and the HRAD of urban is almost close to the PAD. The human resources for health in some cities are relatively surplus.（3）The distribution of nurses and physicians between rural and urban is inequality. Especially, the agglomeration degree of nurses is higher in city. Conclusion To rationalize the distribution of heath human resources, the availability of health human resource in rural places should be enhanced, and the rationality of the distribution between urban and rural residence be improved to improve the equity in health resources.