高度近视眼视网膜厚度与视力损害的相关性探讨

Correlation between Macular Retinal Thickness and Visual Acuity in Ligh Myopia

目的：探讨高度近视眼视网膜厚度与视力损害的相关性。方法：选取我院2012年5月-2014年1月收治的117例高度近视患者,共230只眼接受准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术。采用傅里叶光学相干断层扫描仪和最佳矫正视力检查患者患眼,按不同矫正视力分为≤0.8组与≥0.9组,按后巩膜葡萄肿有无及其形态分为后巩膜葡萄肿Ⅰ组（黄斑对称）、后巩膜葡萄肿Ⅱ组（黄斑倾斜）及无后巩膜葡萄肿组,比较各组患者散光度数、等效球镜度数、最佳矫正视力和黄斑各区域视网膜厚度。结果：三组患者在最佳矫正视力方面比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其中后巩膜葡萄肿Ⅱ组和无后巩膜葡萄肿组均优于后巩膜葡萄肿Ⅰ组患者,差异有统计学意义（t1=3.154,t2=2.440,P〈0.05）。矫正视力在0.9以上的患者黄斑中心凹厚度较矫正视力在0.8及以下的患者高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。三组患者黄斑中心凹厚度比较有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,组间比较发现后巩膜葡萄肿Ⅰ组患者中心凹厚度远低于无后巩膜葡萄肿患者,差异有统计学意义（t=12.572,P〈0.05）。三组患者黄斑周边厚度比较有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,组间比较发现后巩膜葡萄肿Ⅱ组患者厚度低于后巩膜葡萄肿Ⅰ组和无后巩膜葡萄肿组患者,差异有统计学意义（t1=9.385,t2=7.619,P〈0.05）。结论：黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与高度近视患者视力损害紧密相关,当黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度变薄时患者视力也随之降低。

Objective： To investigate the correlation between macular retinal thickness and visual acuity in high myopia.Methods：117 cases of patients with high myopia from April 2012-February 2014 in our hospital were chosen as the experimental objects.And were divided into ≥0.9 group and ≤0.8 group by corrected visual acuity,divided into staphyloma group I（macular symmetry）, posterior staphyloma group Ⅱ（macular tilt） and no later staphyloma group by the presence or absence of posterior staphyloma and its shape.Astigmatism, spherical equivalent degree, best corrected visual acuity and macular retinal thickness for each region of each group were compared.Results：The corrected visual acuity of the non-posterior staphyloma group and posterior staphyloma II group were significantly higher than that of posterior staphyloma I group（t1=3.154,t2=2.440,P〈0.05）.The mean retinal thickness in the posterior staphyloma I group was significantly smaller than that of the posterior staphyloma Ⅱgroup（t=12.572,P〈0.05）.The mean retinal thicknesses at peri-fovea area in the posterior staphyloma Ⅱgroup was significantly smaller than that of the posterior staphyloma I group and the non-posterior staphyloma group（t1=9.385,t2=7.619,P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Foveal retinal thickness closely associated with visual impairment in patients with high myopia, when the foveal retinal thickness thinning visual acuity decreases.