4Sakurai. S, Takeuchi. K, Back analysis of measured displacement oftunnel. . Rock Mech and Rock Eng, 1983,16(3) : 173 — 180.
5R. E. Goodman, Introduction to Rock Mechanics John Whey&Eons,New York, 1980.
6Gioda. G, Locatelli. L,Back analysis of the measurements performedduring the excavation of a shallow tunnel in sand. . Int J for Numericaland Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1999, 23 ( 12): 1407-1425.
6[8]Itasca Consulting Group Inc..FLAC3D manual[R].USA:Itasca Consulting Group Inc.,1997.
7Ng C W W, Lings M L. Effects of modeling soil nonlinearity and wall installation on back-analysis of deep excavation in stiff clay[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1995, 121(10):687 - 695.
