政府补贴下制造商回收的多期闭环供应链网络均衡

The Equilibrium of Multi-period Closed-loop Supply Chain Network with Manufacturer-collection Channel under Government Subsidies

为刻画闭环供应链系统运作的动态性和复杂性特点,本文在综合考虑环保约束和政府补贴等因素的基础上,建立了制造商回收模式下的多期闭环供应链网络均衡模型,其中假设市场需求在不同规划期内动态变化,渠道成员通过库存和旧产品的回收连接相邻规划期。运用变分不等式理论分别刻画了制造商层、零售商层和需求市场层的最优行为和均衡条件,进而推导整个多期闭环供应链网络均衡模型。通过投影收缩算法对数值算例进行求解和灵敏度分析,研究结果表明:再制造转化率的提高有利于各渠道成员和消费者利益的改善;尽管资源再生厂向制造商收取未再利用旧产品的处理费能够迫使其提高回收力度,但却导致零售商和闭环供应链收益的损失;政府应实施补贴机制并促进渠道成员之间的协作来改善闭环供应链网络的绩效。这些结论将为现实中闭环供应链节点企业的动态决策以及政府部门制定补贴政策提供支持。

To characterize the dynamics and complexity in the operations of closed loop supply chain（CLSC）,a multi-period CLSC network equilibrium model is built under manufacturer-collection channel considering the factors of environmental constraints and government subsidies comprehensively,in which the demand market is assumed to vary dynamically among multi-period planning horizons.Moreover,the adjacent planning period is connected via channel member＇s holding inventories and EOL products collection.On this basis,variational inequality theory is utilized to characterize the optimal behaviors and equilibrium conditions of non-cooperative manufacturers,retailers and consumer markets respectively,and then the governing multi-period CLSC network equilibrium model is derived.The projection and contraction algorithm is proposed to solve numerical examples and make sensitivity analysis.The results show that the increase of remanufacturing conversion rate is conductive to the improvement of all the channel members＇ profits and consumer welfares.Despite collection rate can be raised through charging the manufacturers disposal fee for non-recovery EOL products by resource recycling factories,the benefits of the retailers and CLSC systems decrease.The government should implement subsidy mechanisms and promote channel members＇ cooperation to improve the performances of the CLSC network.These conclusions can provide supports for the channel members in CLSC to make decisions dynamically and for the government to make subsidy policies in reality.