洪河沼泽湿地17种植物的生态位

Niche of 17 Kinds of Plants in Marshes in Honghe

采用Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠值,测定了洪河国家级自然保护区沼泽湿地17种植物的生态位宽度和生态位重叠。研究结果表明,毛薹草(Carex lasiocarpa)、狭叶甜茅(Glyceria spiculosa)、漂筏薹草(Carex pseudocuraica)和小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)分布广、数量多,对环境资源的利用能力较强,因此具有较宽的生态位宽度,为研究区的优势物种;睡菜(Menyanthes trifoliate)、越桔柳(Salix myrtilloides)、单叶毛茛(Ranunculus monophyllus)和灰背老鹳草(Geranium vlassowianum)数量相对较少,分布范围较窄,对环境资源的利用能力较弱,因此其生态位宽度较窄;17种植物的生态位重叠程度不高,物种间的生态位重叠值小于0.2的有107对,占总数的78.7%,其中重叠值为0的有43对,占总数的31.6%,这表明物种间资源利用的相似程度较低;物种间的生态位重叠值与物种的生态位宽度关系较复杂。

The niche breadth and niche overlap of 17 kinds of plants in the marshes in Honghe National Nature Reserve were studied. The results showed that there was a broader niche breadth in Carex lasiocarpa, Glyceria spiculosa, Carex pseudocuraica and Calamagrostis angustifolia than other species, because the advantage of widely distribution, quantity, strong competition for the resource utilization contribute to making them dominant species in the research region. Other species such as Menyanthes trifoliate, Salix myrtilloides, Ranunculus monophyllus and Geranium vlassowianum had a narrow niche width; the capacity of resource utilization was weak. Pianka index was used to calculate the niche overlaps of 17 species, which it revealed that 17 species were not of completely overlap. The niche overlap index of 107 species counterparts were lower than 0.2, accounting for 78.7%, and among them 43 species counterparts overlap index was zero, accounting for 31.6%.That indicated that the similarities of resource utilization were low; The relationship between niche overlap of the species and niche breadth was relatively complex.