松花江下游鱼类资源评估

Assessment of Fish Stocks in the Lower Reaches of the Songhua River

为了了解松花江下游鱼类资源现状,2012年选择12种主要经济鱼类作为评估对象,以松花江下游富锦市江段为采样水域,进行了鱼类物种多样性、渔获物和种群结构的调查,采用捕捞死亡率法估算了评估种的现存资源量、最大持续产量和种群资源的开发率,并以此估算松花江下游的鱼类总现存资源量和最大持续产量。结果表明,当前松花江下游共有鱼类9目19科60属80种（包括亚种）,其中,土著种9目17科57属75种（亚种）,群落的年Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与目、科、属等级多样性指数分别为2.642和17.013;渔获物以1~3龄群体为主体,所占比例为70.20%;种群结构中预备群体、补充群体和剩余群体所占比例分别为53.59%、24.25%和22.16%;2012年松花江下游的鱼类总现存资源量为520.4×104kg,最大持续产量为108.43×104kg。调查结果反映出当前松花江下游的鱼类物种多样性呈下降趋势;渔业捕捞方式不合理,种群资源开发率较高,鱼类资源衰退仍在持续。

In 2012, an investigation of commercial fishing and the diversity of fish species were carried out in the Lower Reaches of the Songhua River with the purpose to study the status of fish stock and the diversity of fish species. Based on the fishery statistic data, total fish catch was estimated. The fishing mortality method was applied to evaluate the stock biomass of Carassius auratus gibelio, Cprinus（Cyprinus） carpio, Hemiculter leucisculus, Xenocypris microleps, Xenocypris argentea, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Leuciscus waleckii, Culterichthys erythropterus, Hemibarbus maculatus, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Culter mongolicus, and its actual utilization structure and degree were analyzed. The results showed that the fish fauna in the Lower Reaches of the Songhua River was consisted of 75 native species, belonging to 57 genera, 17 families, and 9 orders. The Shannon and hierarchical diversity indices from genera, families and orders of the community were 2.642 and 17.013, respectively. The age structure of the species evaluated of the Lower Reaches of the Songhua River populations mainly were 1-2 years＇ fish（41.79%） and 3 years＇ fish（28.41%）, the total standing abundance of the 12 species were 2 686.9×104ind in number and 415.44×104kg in biomass, maximum sustainable yield were up to 883.24×104ind in number and 86.56×104kg in biomass, respectively. The standing abundance for the Lower Reaches of the Songhua River were 4 938.36 × 104 ind. in number and520.40 × 104 kg in biomass, respectively. Fish stock of the Lower Reaches of the Songhua River was in the over-exploitation phase, and the maximum sustainable yield was up to 1 623.34 × 104 ind. in number and108.43×104kg in biomass, respectively, nevertheless, the annual catch has exceeded the maximum sustainable yield 22.03% in biomass. It suggest that the diversity of fish species trend to decrease, fishing pattern is not rational, fish stock over-exploitation, and developing from growth form over-fishing into recruitment form over-fishing, and fish stock trending to downbeat.