农业源水污染物削减技术探讨

The water pollutant reduction technology of agricultural source

农业面源污染是水体中COD、氮、磷等指标的主要来源。它包括农药化肥施用、畜禽养殖和农村生活污水排放。对农业源水污染物进行削减是实现污染物总量控制的重要手段。通过详细总结国内外现有农业源水污染物削减技术方法,分析对比其优缺点和实用性,筛选出适用于不同农业污染来源的污水处理技术。结果表明,畜禽养殖废水的适宜处理技术有厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A/A/O)、序批式活性污泥法(SBR)、膜生物反应器(MBR)、升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、厌氧沼气池;农地施肥污水的适宜处理技术有SBR、MBR、UASB;农村生活污水的适宜处理技术有厌氧沼气池、生物滴滤池、人工湿地、稳定塘。

Agricultural nonpoint source pollution was the main source of COD,TN,TP in water.It included farmland fertilization,livestock breeding wastewater and rural domestic sewage.Agricultural nonpoint source pollutants reduction was an important means of environmental pollution total control.Agricultural source water pollutant reduction technologies were summarized,and their advantages and practicability were compared.The wastewater treatment technologies of different agricultural pollution were filtered.A/A/O,SBR,MBR,UASB and anaerobic tank were applicable to livestock breeding wastewater.SBR,MBR and UASB were applicable to farmland fertilization sewage.Anaerobic tank,bio-filter,constructed wetlands and stabilization pond were applicable to rural domestic sewage.